哈薩克斯坦外商直接投資現狀分析

The analysis of the current situation of foreign direct investment in Kazakhstan
自20世紀90年代末以來,除個別特殊年份外,哈薩克斯坦在日益改善的投資環境的推動下,外商直接投資額增長很快,在中亞地區遙遙領先。外資來源國家或地區不斷增加,但主要集中於以美國為首的歐美發達國家。中國對哈薩克斯坦的直接投資近年呈現波動性增長,名列第5～8位,所占比重很小。從東道國國內地區分佈來看,外資主要集中在中心城市。產業分佈具有很強的集中性。行業分佈不均衡比較明顯,投資行業大都集中在地質勘測和勘探業以及以油氣開採為主的礦產採掘業,其次為零售業和製造業,金融業在2008年有較大幅度提高(16. 5%) 。

Since the end of 1990,in addition  to the individual special years ,Kazakhstan in the growing investment environment to promote the growth of foreign direct investment is very fast ,far ahead in the Central Asian region .Foreign source countries or regions continue to increase ,but mainly concentrated in the United states ,led by developed countries in Europe and America .China’s direct investment in Kazakhstan has increased volatility in recent years, ranked 8 to fifth place ,the proportion of which is very small. From the domestic regional distribution is more obvious, industry investment mostly concentrated in the geoidal survey and exploration industry of oil and gas exploitation of mineral mining industry .Secondly ,in terms of the retail and manufacturing industries, the financial industry in 2008 has increases greatly(16,5%).

從投資領域看,不同類型企業有所不同。小型外商獨資企業的主要投資領域是貿易、汽車以及家用製品修理業,占小型企業總數的62. 4%;中型企業集中在商業、製造業、建築業和對企業提供的服務方面,占68. 8%;而大型企業則集中於採掘業和加工工業,占50%。小型合資企業的投資領域較廣,除貿易(占42. 5%)外,主要分佈在對企業提供租賃和服務領域以及建築業和加工工業。

From the investment field view, there are different types of enterprises. The main area of investment of small foreign-owned enterprises is a trade, automobile and household products repair industry, accounting for the total number of small and medium enterprises 62. 4%; medium-sized enterprises are concentrated in the commercial, manufacturing, construction and providing services for the enterprises, it accounted to 68. 8%; and large enterprises is concentrated on mining and processing industry, which accounted for 50%. The investment field of small joint venture enterprise is wide, with the addition of trade (42.5%), which is mainly distributed in the field of leasing and service, as well as the construction and processing industry.