Ever since modern time, India and China have been the victims of western colonialism, and have been supporting and understanding each other by realization of national liberation and establishment of just international order. India established diplomatic relations with China in 1950, and was the first non-socialist country that recognized China. The best time of Sino-Indian relationship was 1950s, when both proposed Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and contributed greatly for world peace and Asian-African cooperation through anti-imperialism and anti-hegemonism on the Bandung Conference. In 1960s, bilateral relationship worsened, due to military conflict on border issues and political disagreement on Tibet issue. With the break-up between China and former Soviet Union, Sino-Indian relationship became part of strategy against former Soviet Union.Sino-Indian diplomatic relations did not start to revive until the Prime Minister of India in 1988, Rajiv Gandhi, visited China. After that, Li Peng, Prime Minister of China in1991 visited India, Prime Minister of India in 1993, P. V. Narasimha Rao, visited China, and President Jiang Zemin paid state visit to India in 1996. Relations between two countries were heated.However, India conducted nuclear experiments under the so-called “China Threat”, which reversed the bilateral situation and intensify the severity of regional relations.

進入21世紀以來，中印關係基本穩定，雙方高層互訪頻繁，政治互信不斷加強，經貿聯繫也日益緊密，兩國睦鄰友好合作卓有成效。不過，由於邊界爭端懸而未決，西藏問題不時浮現，以及兩國國力差距帶來的心態失衡，中印關係的發展隱憂猶存，如果有效管控分歧、積累互信仍考驗著兩國的政治智慧。2014年莫迪當選印度國家總理，開啟了中印合作共贏的新時期。2014年9月，習近平主席出訪印度，並把莫迪家鄉古吉拉突邦作為首訪第一站，以示友好。2015年5月，莫迪回訪中國，並將習主席家鄉西安作為首站，可謂意味深長。根據中國駐印度大使樂玉成介紹，莫迪訪問中國期間兩國簽署了45項檔，包括24項政府間協定和21項商業協定，合作領域涵蓋航空航太、地震合作、海洋科考、智慧城市、網路、金融、設領、教育以及政黨、地方、智庫交往等各個方面。中印作為亞洲最重要的國家之一，龍象共舞、互利共贏。隨著中印孟緬經濟走廊、“絲綢之路經濟帶”、“21世紀海上絲綢之路”戰略的逐漸落地，中印合作大幕將徐徐拉開。

In 21st century, the relationship between China and India remains stable, cooperation promoted byfrequent visits of the top, enhance of political trust, close economic and commercial connection. Yet, with the border issue and Tibet issue remained, and the growing distance between two nations’ strength, Sino-Indian relationship is not completely optimistic. Problems like how to efficiently control on disagreements and accumulate bilateral trust still test the political wisdom of both countries. Modi elected as Prime Minister of India in 2014 has opened the win-win situation of Sino-India cooperation.On September 2014, President Xi Jinping visited Gujarat, the hometown of Modi, as the first stop in India to show friendliness. On May 2015, Modi visited China back, and chose Xi’an, hometown of President Xi, as the first city to visit. According to introduction of Chinese Ambassador to India, Yue Yucheng, India and China have signed 45 papers, 24 between governments and 21 for commerce, in cooperation fields including aerospace, earthquake, marine research, smart city, Internet, finance, consulate establishment, education, political parties, and contacts between regions and think tanks.India and China, two most important countries of Asia, would cooperation with each other to create a mutual benefit result.With the complete of Economic Corridor of CIBM (China, India, Bangladesh and Myanmar), Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st century Maritime Silk Road, the curtain of cooperation between China and India would raise.