法律制度 The Legal System

澳門特別行政區的法律制度，建立在法治和司法獨立的基礎上。根據「一國兩制」的原則，特區的法律制度以大陸法為根基。

Macao’s legal system is founded on a strong tradition of adherence to the rule of law and judicial independence. Under the principle of “One country, two systems”, the Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR) maintains Continental European law as the foundation of its legal system.

《中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區基本法》是澳門特別行政區的憲制性文件，由全國人民代表大會根據《中華人民共和國憲法》制定通過，《澳門特別行政區基本法》規定澳門特別行政區實行的制度，確保國家對澳門的基本方針政策得以實施。換言之，澳門特別行政區的制度和政策，包括社會、經濟制度、有關保障居民基本權利和自由的制度、行政管理、立法和司法方面的制度，以及有關政策，均以《澳門特別行政區基本法》的規定為依據。

The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China is the constitutional document for the MSAR, adopted by the National People’s Congress (NPC) in accordance with the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The Basic Law sets a foundation for all systems and policies implemented in Macao including its social system, economic system, protection of fundamental rights and freedom, administration, legislation and justice.

澳門特區立法 Laws of the MacaoSAR

澳門特別行政區目前實施的法律包括：《澳門特別行政區基本法》；《澳門特別行政區基本法》附件三載列的全國性法律；1999 年12 月20 日之前的原有法律，經全國人大常委會通過採用為澳門特區法律；澳門特區立法機關制定的法律。

The laws presently in force in the Macao SAR include: The Basic Law; National laws listed in Annex III to the Basic Law; Laws that were in effect before 20 December 1999 and which have been retained as laws of the Macao SAR by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress; and Laws enacted by the legislature of the Macao SAR.

《刑法典》、《刑事訴訟法典》、《民法典》、《民事訴訟法典》、《商法典》（俗稱「五大法典」）是澳門法律體系的重要組成部份。

The Penal Code, Criminal Procedural Code, Civil Code, Civil Procedural Code and Commercial Code, collectively known as the “Five Codes”, form the authoritative framework of Macao’s legal system.

全國性法律除列於《澳門特別行政區基本法》附件三及由特區政府在當地公佈或立法實施者外，不在澳門特區實施。目前有11 條全國性法律適用於澳門特區。

National laws shall not be applied in the Macao SAR, except those listed in Annex III to the Basic Law. Laws listed in Annex III shall be applied locally by way of promulgation or legislation by the Macao SAR. Currently, 11 national laws apply inthe Macao SAR.

全國人民代表大會常務委員會在徵詢其所屬的澳門特別行政區基本法委員會和特區政府的意見後，可對列於《澳門特別行政區基本法》附件三的法律作出增減。列入附件三的法律應限於有關國防、外交和其他依照《澳門特別行政區基本法》規定不屬於澳門特區自治範圍的法律。

The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress may add to or delete from the list of laws in Annex III after consulting its Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao SAR and the MSAR Government. Only those laws relating to defence, foreign affairs and other matters outside the limits of the Region’s autonomy as specified in the Basic Law are to be listed in Annex III to the Basic Law.

基本權利保障 Fundamental Rights

《澳門特別行政區基本法》保障澳門居民享有言論、新聞、出版的自由，結社、集會、遊行、示威的自由，組織和參加工會、罷工的權利和自由，宗教信仰的自由，以及自由旅行和出入境的自由。《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》、《經濟、社會與文化權利國際公約》和《國際勞工公約》中適用於澳門的條文繼續有效。

The Basic Law safeguards the fundamental rights of the people of Macao. These include the freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association and assembly, freedom of procession and demonstration, the right to organise and join trade unions and to strike, freedom of religion, freedom to travel, and freedom to enter and leave Macao. Provisions applicable to Macao in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and a number of international labour conventions also remain in force.

澳門特區繼續遵行各項主要的國際人權公約，包括《消除一切形式種族歧視國際公約》、《禁止酷刑和其他殘忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰公約》、《兒童權利公約》和《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》。

Macao continues to comply with the main international conventions on human rights, including the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.

司法制度 The Judiciary System

《澳門特別行政區基本法》規定，澳門特別行政區享有獨立的司法權和終審權。法院獨立進行審判，只服從法律，不受任何干涉。

The Basic Law gives the MSAR independent judicial power, including the power of final adjudication. The courts of the MSAR exercise judicial power independently and are subordinated to nothing but the law.

澳門特別行政區設有第一審法院、中級法院和終審法院。澳門的終審權屬於特別行政區終審法院。法院的組織、職權和運作由法律規定。

The MSAR has the Court of First Instance, the Court of Second Instance and the Court of Final Appeal. The structure, powers and functions of the courts are established by law.

初級法院可根據需要設立若干專門法庭。特區繼續保留原刑事起訴法庭的制度。

The Lower Court can form specialised tribunals, as required. The Examining Magistracy has been retained by the SAR Government.

各級法院的法官，根據由法官、律師和知名人士組成的獨立委員會推薦，由行政長官任命。選用法官以其專業資格為標準，符合標準的外籍法官也可聘用。目前有多名資深葡人法官在各級法院服務。

The judges of the courts of the MSAR at all levels are appointed by the Chief Executive, on the recommendation of an independent commission composed of local judges, lawyers and eminent persons. Judges are chosen on the basis of their professional qualifications. Qualified judges of foreign nationality may also be employed. Hence, some Portuguese judges have continued to serve the territory.

各級法院的院長由行政長官從法官中選任。終審法院院長由特別行政區永久性居民中的中國公民擔任。

The Presidents of the courts of MSAR at all levels are appointed by the Chief Executive from amongst the judges of the courts. The President of the Court of Final Appeal must be a Chinese citizen who is a permanent resident of the MSAR.

檢察院獨立行使法律賦予的檢察職能，不受任何干涉。特區檢察長由澳門特別行政區永久性居民中的中國公民擔任，由行政長官提名，報中央人民政府任命。檢察官經檢察長提名，由行政長官任命。檢察院的組織、職權和運作由法律規定。4名資深葡人檢察官現時受聘於檢察院，其中一人擔任助理檢察長。

The Public Prosecutions Office of MSAR exercises its functions as vested by law independently and free from any interference. The Public Prosecutor-General is nominated by the Chief Executive and appointed by the Central People’s Government and must be a Chinese citizen who is a permanent resident of MSAR. Public Prosecutors are nominated by the Public Prosecutor-General and appointed by the Chief Executive. The structure, powers and operation of the Public Prosecutions Office are prescribed by law. At present, there are four experienced Portuguese procurators in the procuratorate and one of whom is the Assistant Public Prosecutor-General.